A new and unusual species of Parachiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from South Africa

A new species of the genus Parachiton, P. hodgsoni n.sp., which inhabits shallow water off the South African coast, is described. The radula is unusual for the genus Parachiton. It consists of about 160 transverse rows of very small mature teeth of which the major lateral teeth have very narrow tridentate cusps. The intermediate valves are granulose with the granules arranged in widely spaced, longitudinal rows on the central area of the valves. There are 20–31 longitudinal rows on the central areas of the intermediate valves. Variability in the morphology of the tail valve is shown.     

Soil Organic Carbon,Biochar, and Applicable Research Results for Increasing Farm Productivity under Australian Agricultural Conditions

The conversion of vegetative biomass waste to biochar (biologically derived charcoal) is a source of carbon (C) that can be used to increase the level of soil organic C (SOC) in agricultural soils. This review collates available research into the effects of biologically derived C species with respect to the direct and indirect effects on agricultural productivity and their potential for use in Western Australian agricultural systems. There is a growing requirement to quantify the effect of specific biochar applications for agroecological purposes and to verify biosequestered C for climate-change-mitigation activities. This work provides a review and assessment of safe biochar application rates and examines the present levels of scientific uncertainty surrounding the efficacy and reliability of applying biochar to soils in relation to crop productivity.     

薄皮核桃新品种‘绿岭’

 ‘绿岭’是早实薄皮核桃新品种, 从‘香玲’核桃中选出。与‘香玲’相比, 具有壳薄、果个大、出仁率高、果形美观、稍晚熟(比香玲成熟期晚3～5 d) 等特点。     

醋糟代替棉籽壳栽培平菇的研究

本文从试验中得出,以醋渣全部或部分取代棉籽壳栽培平菇的配料技术和适宜的平菇菌种。     

The application of biochar on soil acidity and other physico‐chemical properties of soils in southern Ethiopia

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of biochar amendment on soil acidity and other physico‐chemical properties of soil in Southern Ethiopia using a field experiment of three treatments: (1) biochar made of corn cobs, (2) biochar made of chopped Lantana camara stem, and (3) biochar made of Eucalyptus globulus feedstock and a control, in which neither of the biochar was used. Each treatment had three levels of 6, 12 and 18 t ha⁻¹. The experiment was setup with RCBD in a factorial arrangement with three replications. In this regard, a total of 36 plots (each 2 × 2 m size) were applied with three replications to the depth of 0–15cm. From these 36 plots, composite soil samples were collected to the depth of 0–30 cm and analyzed for bulk density, total porosity, pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, and exchangeable acidity using standard procedures before and after biochar application. Two‐way ANOVA was also used to analyze the impact of the biochars on soil acidity and other properties. For the treatments that had significant effects, a mean separation was made using Least Significance Difference (LSD) test. The results showed the application of biochar significantly reduced, soil bulk density and exchangeable acidity when compared with a control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the total soil porosity, soil pH, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, and potassium were significantly increased in the soil. From among applied biochar treatments, Lantana camara applied at the level of 18 t ha⁻¹ had a higher impact in changing soil physico‐chemical properties. In general, the study suggests that the soil acidity can be reduced by applying biochar as it can amend other soil physico‐chemical properties.     

生物炭对植烟土壤养分的影响

为探讨生物炭作为土壤改良剂对植烟土壤养分含量的影响,以湖南烟区主要栽培品种云烟87为试验材料,通过大田试验研究了不同的生物炭用量(CK:0 kg/hm~2;T1:3 000 kg/hm~2;T2:3 750 kg/hm~2;T3:4 500kg/hm~2)下植烟土壤中的养分含量。结果表明:施用生物炭能够显著提高植烟土壤有机质、碱解氮、铵态氮及速效钾含量,且随着生物炭施用量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,从改良土壤肥力效果来看,生物炭施用量在3 750 kg/hm~2的水平下较为适宜。     

一种核桃专用肥的生产及应用试验

针对云南省临沧市核桃种植区土壤特点，以及核桃生长发育的需肥规律，配制出专用核桃生物有机肥，将该核桃专用生物有机肥分别应用于投产区核桃园和初投产核桃园，取得很好的应用效果，以对照相对，施用该有机肥的核桃表现出植株健壮、树势强，树高、冠幅生长加快，并对核桃有较好的增产效果。     

用丰年虫卵壳制备甲壳素和壳聚糖

介绍了用丰年虫卵壳制备甲壳素及壳聚糖的方法及过程,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪的检测并与美国标准谱图库检索出的用蟹壳制备的壳聚糖光谱图对照,证实丰年虫卵壳制备的壳聚糖。     

CdS纳米颗粒的合成、表面修饰及光学特性研究

用一步室温固相化学反应法合成CdS纳米颗粒，并以氨催化水解法对其表面进行了修饰，得到了具有CdS／SiO2核／壳结构的纳米微球，以透射电子显微镜和X-射线衍射仪对其结构和物相进行了表征，并研究了其光致发射光谱的性质，研究结果表明：固相反应完全，产物为纯相CdS，室温固相化学反应法避免了传统湿法存在的团聚现象的缺点，具有产率高、无污染、节能等优点；而且CdS纳米颗粒表面经SiO2修饰后，其带边发射显增强，缺陷发射减弱，且在一定范围内随着SiO2包覆层厚度的增加，荧光强度增加。     

原子壳层结构排布的“三角形”方法

针对原子物理学教学中电子壳层结构排布这一难点,介绍了一种简单、直观的三角形方法。该方法容易掌握,熟练掌握后对于教材中＂原子的壳层结构＂章节的学习有重要的作用。